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Adaptation to climate change in Jordan
Adaptation to climate change in Jordan describes measures with the objective to prepare the country for the impacts of climate change. Water resources in Jordan are scarce. Besides the rapid population growth, the impacts of climate change are likely to further exacerbate the problem. Temperatures will increase and the total annual precipitation is likely to decrease, however with a fair share of uncertainty. Hence, existing and new activities with the objective to minimize the gap between water supply and demand contribute to adapt Jordan to tomorrow’s climate. This might be accompanied by activities improving Jordan’s capacity to monitor and project meteorological and hydrological data and assess its own vulnerability to climate change. This article focuses on the impacts of climate change on the Jordanian water sector.
== Institutions ==
Climate Change Jordan signed the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) in 1992 and ratified it in 1993. The main focal point for climate change issues in Jordan is the Ministry of Environment (MoE).〔MoE (Ministry of Environment, Jordan) (2009): Jordan’s Second National Communication to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) http://unfccc.int/resource/docs/natc/jornc2.pdf, p. 115〕 With support of UNDP and the Global Environment Facility (GEF), it published Jordan’s Second National Communication to the UNFCCC in 2009, relying on the knowledge of numerous Jordanian experts.〔MoE (Ministry of Environment, Jordan) (2009): Jordan’s Second National Communication to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) http://unfccc.int/resource/docs/natc/jornc2.pdf, p. 121〕 Jordan issued a national climate change policy in 2013, led by the ministry of environment.〔http://www.jo.undp.org/content/dam/jordan/docs/Publications/Climate%20change%20policy_JO.pdf〕
Water and Sanitation National water and sanitation policies and strategies are formulated by the Ministry of Water and Irrigation (MWI) and need to be approved by the Council of Ministers. The ministry includes the Water Authority of Jordan (WAJ), which is responsible for water and sanitation service provision either directly or through its subsidiaries. In the Jordan Rift Valley, water and sanitation are managed by the Jordan Valley Authority (JVA). In 2009, climate change was not a main issue on the Jordanian water agenda. Jordan’s Water Strategy 2008-2022 acknowledges that water scarcity will increase in the future. However, climate change plays a secondary role as driver of increasing water stress in the Water Strategy.〔MoE (Ministry of Environment, Jordan) (2009): Jordan’s Second National Communication to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) http://unfccc.int/resource/docs/natc/jornc2.pdf, p. 22, 116; Climate change is mentioned twice in the Water Strategy; MWI (Ministry of Water and Irrigation, Jordan) (2009): Water for Life. Jordan’s Water Strategy http://www.idrc.ca/uploads/user-S/12431464431JO_Water-Strategy09.pdf, p. 5-2, 7/1〕
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